🇹🇷 Turkey GPA Converter: 4.00 GANO to 100 and US GPA

The common pattern in Turkish universities is a double letter with a fixed coefficient: AA 4.00, BA 3.50, BB 3.00, CB 2.50, CC 2.00, DC 1.50, DD 1.00, then FD 0.50 and FF 0.00 where a university uses them. Your GANO (also written AGNO or GNO; Hacettepe calls it the genel akademik ortalama) is the credit-weighted average of those coefficients, so it already sits on a 0–4.00 scale.

The coefficients are close to uniform. The marks behind them are not. At METU an AA is 90–100 and a DD is 60–64, while 50–59 earns an FD worth 0.50 — a fail that has to be repeated. Hacettepe uses a different letter set: an A1 (95–100) is 4.00, and a D for 50–54 is a pass worth 1.75. The same 52 out of 100 is a passing 1.75 at Hacettepe and a failing 0.50 at METU. METU’s regulation also leaves the letter to the instructor, so read any percentage table as that university’s own, not a national rule.

At METU a cumulative 3.00–3.49 graduates with Honors (onur) and 3.50 or above with High Honors (yüksek onur), both printed on the diploma. METU and Hacettepe both require at least 2.00 to graduate.

YÖK publishes one national table, 4’lük Sistemdeki Notların 100’lük Sistemdeki Karşılıkları, that gives a 100-point value for every GANO from 1.00 to 4.00. It is not GANO × 25. All 301 rows equal (70 × GANO + 20) ÷ 3 cut to two decimals, which puts the table above the ×25 shortcut everywhere below 4.00: 3.00 is 76.66 rather than 75, and 2.00 is 53.33 rather than 50.

For research-assistant and lecturer posts, the 2018 regulation on academic-staff entrance exams says the 100-point equivalent of a 4-point diploma grade is set by YÖK, and for most posts that grade then carries 30% of the final score alongside ALES (30%), the entrance exam (30%) and a language score (10%). For transfers, the transfer regulation has required YÖK’s tables since 21 December 2019. Its thresholds are written out of 100, so on the YÖK table a 4-point student needs:

• 2.29 for an inter-university transfer (60 — a 2.28 gives only 59.86)
• 2.50 to apply for a minor, yan dal (65)
• 2.72 and a place in the top 20% of the class for a double major, çift anadal (70)
• 3.58 to move from open or distance education to a formal programme (90)

The YÖK clause sits in the transfer section, so for double majors and minors check whether your university states its own 4-point cut-off. For master’s and PhD admission the regulation leaves the method to each senate — check which table your enstitü’s call names. Applying to a PhD with only a bachelor’s degree requires at least 3.00 out of 4 “or its equivalent”.

Your transcript may print a different 100-point figure, because universities can keep their own table. A 2019 Ombudsman decision records a Selçuk University graduate whose 2.47 was 71.58 on Selçuk’s table but 64.30 on YÖK’s. In an academic-post application the 64.30 is the one that counts, and at a 30% weight that gap alone is worth about 2.2 points of the final score.

For a US or Canadian application, report the GANO as it stands — for example 3.42 / 4.00. Turkish coefficients already sit on a 4-point scale with AA = 4.00, BB = 3.00, CC = 2.00 and DD = 1.00, exactly where A, B, C and D fall in the US. The half-steps are the only mismatch: BA (3.50) sits between a US A− (3.7) and B+ (3.3), and CB and DC fall between letters in the same way. An evaluator who re-grades course by course can therefore land slightly above or below your GANO. Services such as WES work from the transcript your university sends them, and their figure is the one admissions uses.

Do not send the YÖK 100-point value abroad. It is a Turkish administrative standard, not a percentage mark. A 3.00 GANO becomes 76.66, which a US reader applying the usual 90/80/70 cut-offs would take as a C, when the transcript actually shows a B average. If a form insists on a percentage, give the 4.00 figure alongside it and say which table produced the 100-point one.